"""
===========================
Orthogonal Matching Pursuit
===========================

Using orthogonal matching pursuit for recovering a sparse signal from a noisy
measurement encoded with a dictionary
"""
print(__doc__)

import pylab as pl
import numpy as np
from sklearn.linear_model import OrthogonalMatchingPursuit
from sklearn.linear_model import OrthogonalMatchingPursuitCV
from sklearn.datasets import make_sparse_coded_signal

n_components, n_features = 512, 100
n_nonzero_coefs = 17

# generate the data
###################

# y = Xw
# |x|_0 = n_nonzero_coefs

y, X, w = make_sparse_coded_signal(n_samples=1,
                                   n_components=n_components,
                                   n_features=n_features,
                                   n_nonzero_coefs=n_nonzero_coefs,
                                   random_state=0)

idx, = w.nonzero()

# distort the clean signal
##########################
y_noisy = y + 0.05 * np.random.randn(len(y))

# plot the sparse signal
########################
pl.figure(figsize=(7, 7))
pl.subplot(4, 1, 1)
pl.xlim(0, 512)
pl.title("Sparse signal")
pl.stem(idx, w[idx])

# plot the noise-free reconstruction
####################################

omp = OrthogonalMatchingPursuit(n_nonzero_coefs=n_nonzero_coefs)
omp.fit(X, y)
coef = omp.coef_
idx_r, = coef.nonzero()
pl.subplot(4, 1, 2)
pl.xlim(0, 512)
pl.title("Recovered signal from noise-free measurements")
pl.stem(idx_r, coef[idx_r])

# plot the noisy reconstruction
###############################
omp.fit(X, y_noisy)
coef = omp.coef_
idx_r, = coef.nonzero()
pl.subplot(4, 1, 3)
pl.xlim(0, 512)
pl.title("Recovered signal from noisy measurements")
pl.stem(idx_r, coef[idx_r])

# plot the noisy reconstruction with number of non-zeros set by CV
##################################################################
omp_cv = OrthogonalMatchingPursuitCV()
omp_cv.fit(X, y_noisy)
coef = omp_cv.coef_
idx_r, = coef.nonzero()
pl.subplot(4, 1, 4)
pl.xlim(0, 512)
pl.title("Recovered signal from noisy measurements with CV")
pl.stem(idx_r, coef[idx_r])

pl.subplots_adjust(0.06, 0.04, 0.94, 0.90, 0.20, 0.38)
pl.suptitle('Sparse signal recovery with Orthogonal Matching Pursuit',
            fontsize=16)
pl.show()
